Historical Places to visit in Goa

During their roughly 450-year reign over Goa, the Portuguese built numerous monuments and churches, introducing European architecture. Also, you can find evidence of Muslim and Hindu dynasties in a number of other historical locations in Goa. Here are a few of Goa's stunning heritage sites that have had a significant impact on the state's history.

Ø Se Cathedral, Old Goa

The Se Cathedral was constructed to honour the Portuguese victory over a Muslim army

led by Afonso de Albuquerque that resulted in the conquest of Goa in 1510. The cathedral was dedicated to Saint Catherine on the day of the victory, which also happened to be her feast day. During the reign of King Dom Sebastio in 1562, the church's construction got underway and got completed in 1619.

Se Cathedral, Old Goa

Portuguese-Manueline is the dominant architectural style of the Se Cathedral. The interior is Corinthian, while the exterior is Tuscan. The church is 181 feet (55 meters) wide and 250 feet long. A large bell known as the "Golden Bell" because of its warm tone is housed in the tower of the Se Cathedral. There are several old paintings on either side of the main altar, which is dedicated to Catherine of Alexandria.

An altar is a table or platform used for sacrifices, religious offerings, or other ritualistic activities. Churches, temples, shrines, and other places of worship all have altars. In particular, they are used in some Muslim communities in the Caucasus and Asia Minor, as well as in Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and modern paganism. They were also utilized by numerous historical and medieval religions, such as the Norse, Greek, and Roman faiths.

Se Cathedral is regarded as one of the largest churches in Asia, which is located in Old Goa. One should visit here for sure, as it is one of the oldest and most celebrated religious places.

Time to visit – 7:00 AM to 6:30 PM

Location – via Panjim-Ponda Road, Rua Direita Road, Old Goa (13.1 Kms from Panjim)

Ø Aguada Fort & Central Jail, Candolim

Aguada Fort, Candolim

Aguada Fort is considered one of the best places to visit in Goa. This fort was constructed in 1612 by the Portuguese as a measure to protect themselves from the Maratha as well as the Dutch armies.

The Aguada Fort Lighthouse is Asia's first structure of its kind. It was once the 79 cannons grandstand, constructed in 1612. It has a moat, an underground water storage chamber, a room for storing gunpowder, a lighthouse, and bastions. On a hill on the west side of the fort, the Aguada lighthouse was constructed in 1864. It is situated halfway between Calangute Beach and the Mormugao Peninsula. In 1976, a brand-new lighthouse took its place.

Also present here is a jail that was used during the administration of Salazar. The Fort Aguada Central Jail was Goa's largest prison until 2015. It is a part of the fort in Sinquerim Village near River Mandovi in North Goa. The Goa Tourism Development Corporation has renovated the Portuguese-era structure from the 17th century under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme of the Central Government at the cost of INR 22 Crores.

Aguada Jail Museum, Candolim

Aguada jail is having a museum, showcasing the freedom struggle of Goa against Portuguese rule. The renovated structure focuses on two special cells, where Freedom Fighters Ram Manohar Lohia and TB Cunha were imprisoned during their fight against the Portuguese. After 2015, the fort's jail was no longer classified as a jail and was no longer in use. The Goa Tourism Development Corporation decided to convert this jail into a museum.

Time to visit Fort Aguada – 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM

Location - Aguada - Siolim Rd, Aguada Fort Road, Candolim, Goa (15.9 Kms from Panjim)

Time to visit Central Jail Aguada – 10:30 AM to 05:00 PM

Location – Aguada - Siolim Rd, Aguada Fort Area, Candolim, Goa (15.7 Kms from Panjim)

Ø Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla

Mahadev Temple, Tamdi Surla

This temple was constructed in the Kadamba style using basalt, which was transported across mountains from the Deccan plateau and then carved by artisans. It is said to be the only portrayal of Kadamba architecture in basalt stone, that has survived and is present in Goa.

The temple, which honours Lord Shiva, is similar to the Aihole temples in the neighbouring state of Karnataka. According to local history, a large king cobra lives permanently inside the interior's poorly lighted space. The basalt-built garbhagriha, antarala, and pillared Nandi mandapa make up the temple. A stone ceiling with well-carved Ashtoken lotus flowers is supported by four pillars ornamented with elaborate carvings of elephants and chains. Inside the sanctum, a linga, a representation of Lord Shiva, is set atop a pedestal.

In the North East region of Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, this temple is situated. The temple is located at the base of the Anmod Ghat, which links Goa with the state of Karnataka.

Time to visit – 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM

Location - Panaji - Ponda Rd to NH748, Dharbandora-Bolkarne (Sancordem) Road, Tamdi Surla, Goa (66.8 Kms from Panjim)

Ø Safa Shahouri Masjid, Ponda

Safa Masjid, Ponda

The Safa Mosque, also known as the Safa Shahouri Mosque, is a mosque in Ponda, Goa, India. It is an Islamic monument from the sixteenth century. The mosque is part of a larger complex that includes a garden and fountains. A rectangular prayer hall is covered with terracotta tiles. It is a Monument of National Importance in Goa that is protected by the ASI.

The mosque was constructed by the Bijapur king Ibrahim Adil Shah I in 1560, roughly 2 kilometers from Ponda City's core. The mosque might have been built during the reign of Adil Shah or perhaps earlier. The actual year of construction is uncertain, though, as there is no inscription on the mosque and no mention of it in historical documents. The mosque was destroyed and torched by the Portuguese while they controlled Goa. Before it was largely rebuilt in the 1980s, the mosque was left in ruins. A well-built masonry tank with tiny compartments decorated with meharab patterns is located next to the mosque.

Location – Safa Masjid, Near New KTC Bus Stand, Ponda, Goa (30.1 Kms from Panjim)

Ø Palacio Do Deao, Quepem

Palacio Do Deao, Quepem

A Portuguese nobleman who founded Quepem Town and served as the dean of the church constructed this 213-year-old home. On the breathtakingly gorgeous banks of the Kushavati River, the residence looks out upon the church he built. It was constructed with a unique design that combines Hindu and Portuguese architectural elements. A further one of its standout features is the lush garden, which has long been regarded as Goa's most attractive pleasure garden and has managed to retain many of its original elements.

Time to visit – 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Closed on Wednesday)

Location - Margao - Quepem Rd, Opp. Holy Cross, Quepem, Goa (48.5 Kms from Panjim)

 

Lesser-Known Facts about Goa

You probably weren't aware of many fascinating facts about the city known for its beaches and nightlife. With trance parties, vibrant nightlife, and a wide range of other activities, Goa is one of India's liveliest locations. The location has a rich history and numerous fascinating facts that will astound you.

Ø History of Goa

The earliest recorded history of Goa dates to the third century B.C. when it was a part of the Mauryan Empire under the control of the Buddhist emperor Ashoka of Magadha. Buddhism in Goa was founded by Buddhist monks. The Western Kshatrapas (around 150 CE), the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra, the Bhojas of the Yadava clans of Gujarat, the Chutus of Karwar as rulers of the Satavahanas of Kolhapur, and the Konkan Mauryas as rulers of the Kalachuris ruled Goa between the second and sixth centuries CE. The Rashtrakutas of Malkhed later took over the rule from 753 to 963, following the Chalukyas of Badami, who ruled from 578 to 753. However, the Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas' conquerors, the Southern Silharas of Konkan, ruled Goa from 765 to 1015. The Kadambas, who were the rulers of the Chalukyas of Kalyani, successively ruled Goa over the course of the following several centuries. In Goa, they were patrons of Jainism.

The Delhi Sultanate assumed control of Goa in 1312. The region was under the kingdom's control, but by 1370 they were compelled to give it up to Harihara I of the Vijayanagara empire due to a deteriorating situation. Up until the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga took control of the region in 1469, the Vijayanagara kings retained control of it. After that dynasty was overthrown, the region was taken over by the Adil Shahis of Bijapur, who made the city known to the Portuguese as Velha Goa, their secondary capital.

With the aid of a local ally named Timayya, the Portuguese overcame the ruling Bijapur kings in 1510, paving the way for the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa). Many of the Portuguese subjects in Goa were converted to Christianity. Large numbers of Goans migrated to nearby areas as a result of the Portuguese's ongoing conflicts with the Marathas and the Deccan Sultanate as well as their oppressive religious laws. During the Napoleonic Wars, the British held Goa between 1812 and 1815.

From Velha Goa, the capital was relocated to Panjim in 1843. The majority of the present-day state borders of Goa were included in the area that was occupied by the middle of the 18th century. Until their borders stabilized and formed the Estado da India Portuguesa, of which Goa was the largest territory, the Portuguese simultaneously lost other possessions in India.

Portugal refused to engage in talks with India about handing over control of their Indian enclaves after India won its independence from the British in 1947. Goa, Daman, and Diu were annexed into the Indian Union on December 19, 1961, as a result of Operation Vijay, which was carried out by the Indian army. Goa, along with Daman and Diu, became an Indian Union Territory under centralized administration. On May 30, 1987, the Union Territory was divided, with Daman and Diu remaining Union Territories and Goa becoming India's twenty-fifth state.

Ø Goa celebrates two independence days

As you are all aware, Goa remained under Portuguese control even after India gained independence from the British on August 15, 1947. Both inside and outside of Goa, people fought for the independence of that state. On December 17, 1961, the Indian Army, Air Force, and Naval forces invaded Goa and routed the unprepared Portuguese army. The Portuguese governor gave up control of Goa on December 18th, and India took control of the territory the following day! Every year on December 19, Goa commemorates its independence.

Ø First Printing Press in India

The state of Goa was also the first location where Portuguese missionaries brought down and set up printing presses. This was in the middle of the sixteenth century, after which the printing press was used to publish a number of older books and manuscripts. It was set up on April 30th, 1556. So, now you know, that the printing press was first used in India in the Goa region.

Ø Richest Indian State for per capita

Goa is one of the wealthiest states in India, largely because of its thriving tourism sector. The geographical area is smaller than the majority of large Indian states. One of the richest states in the nation continues to be the destination for tourists and visitors from all over the world. In addition, it is one of the most well-liked tourist destinations in India, and the tourism sector contributes significantly to the state's overall revenue.

Ø Only State having the Uniform Civil Code

As of now, Goa is the only state in India where marriage, divorce, succession, and other legal issues are governed by the same laws for all religions and sects, including Hindus, Muslims, and Christians.

Ø The smallest state in India

Goa is the smallest state in India, covering a total area of 3,702 km2. However, it has a 99-mile-long coastline.

Ø Largest Floating Casino in Asia

Asia's largest floating casino is the Deltin Royale Casino Cruise. It is also regarded as India's top casino. Deltin Royale, the biggest gaming and entertainment complex in Asia, is a must-see whenever you're in Goa. Over 50,000 square feet in size, Deltin Royale offers close to 1,000 gaming positions as well as exquisite spaces for an elegant party or celebration. Most gaming tables and five levels/floors are found at the Deltin Royale Casino. You can try your luck at games like teen patti, baccarat, and American roulette. They have excellent live entertainment, including Bollywood and international acts.

The cruise is anchored at one location in the River Mandovi. The main entrance to the cruise is at Panjim Jetty, and the other one is at RMJ Reis Magos Jetty, which is close to Candolim. Both public and private transportation are readily available to get to both locations. You are transported to the cruise by feeder boat from the jetty or these check-in locations. Although Deltin Royale Casino is open 24 hours a day, the best time to go is in the evening because live entertainment and the VIP lounge (named Whiskey) begin after 7 p.m. and go until 1 a.m.

Ø Asia’s only Naval Aviation Museum

Only one Naval Aviation Museum exists in Asia, and it is located in Goa. Thirteen decommissioned aircraft are housed in the military museum in Bogmalo. It was started back on October 12th, 1998, and it shows how the Naval Air Arm has evolved over the years. There were only six aircraft when the museum first opened, but there are now thirteen. A double-storied indoor gallery and an outdoor exhibit make up its two components. It is six kilometers away from Dabolim Airport, Vasco.

Ø UNESCO World Heritage Site – Basilica of Bom Jesus Church

A basilica is a church or cathedral built like a Roman basilica. It houses important religious relics, including the 400 years old mortal remains of St Francis Xavier, a Spanish Jesuit and the patron saint of Roman Catholic missions. It is one of the oldest churches in India, and the finest example of baroque and Portuguese architecture in India. It was completed in 1605. The mortal remains are displayed for public viewing once every ten years, and visitors travel from all over the world to see them. Due to its ornamental architectural style, precious stones inside, and marble flooring, it is a beautiful sight.

Ø Famous Flea Markets

The small state of Goa is well-known for its flea markets on the beaches in addition to all the aforementioned factors and its beaches. You can still look at the items for sale here even if you don't plan on doing a lot of shopping. You experience a sensory overload here because of the spicy aromas, the intriguing looks, and the peculiar sounds. While some markets run all year long, others only do so during a peak period, such as from November to March. Without stopping by one of these intriguing locations, your trip to Goa will be incomplete. These flea markets are held on different Goa beaches almost every other day or on the weekends. There are many, but the Anjuna Flea Market at Anjuna Beach, the Saturday Night Market at Arpora, Mackies Night Bazaar at River Baga, the Arambol Street Market at Arambol Beach, the Sunset Beach Market/Arambol Drum Circle, the Chapora Fish Market at River Chapora, the Mapusa Friday Market, and the Flea Market are the most well-known flea markets in Goa.